The Nazi Party then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power. On 23 March 1933, the Enabling Act was passed to give Hitler's government the power to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or president. By the constitution of the Weimar Republic, in those circumstances the chancellor of Germany (the head of government) could be appointed by the president and head of state, Paul von Hindenburg, who subsequently appointed Hitler to the office on 30 January 1933, on behest of right-wing politicians and industrialists.Įarly into Hitler's chancellorship the Reichstag Building caught fire, which his government responded to by passing the Reichstag Fire Decree, leading to the suppression of civil liberties and mass arrests of political opponents.
Hitler refused to participate in a coalition government unless he was its leader.
The Nazi Party became the largest party in parliament following the July 1932 German federal election, but it did not hold a majority. The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. Nazi Germany (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German state between 19, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship.
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